| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Monza ampullae ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Monza ampullae
The Monza ampullae form the largest collection of a specific type of Early Medieval pilgrimage ampullae or small flasks designed to hold holy oil from pilgrimage sites in the Holy Land related to the life of Jesus, that were made in Palestine, probably in the fifth to early seventh centuries.〔"datable more or less between 500 and 650" says Vikan (1998), 241, but ranges vary with authors.〕 They have been in the Treasury of Monza Cathedral north of Milan in Italy since they were donated by Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards, (c. 570-628). Since the great majority of surviving examples of such flasks are those in the Monza group, the term may be used to cover this type of object in general. The second largest group was discovered in a burial at Bobbio Abbey, not far from Monza, and names such as Monza/Bobbio flasks ampullae or flagons are among the many terms by which these objects are described.〔Beckwith, 57-59〕 The few other examples are now scattered across the world; this article deals with the whole group of over fifty known ampullae, wherever located.〔There are perhaps 36 from Monza, at least 10 from Bobbio (some are fragments), three in Germany and two in the USA, plus an example from Catalonia that probably falls rather outside the date range of the others - see locations section below.〕 Examples of comparable ampullae from pilgrimage sites outside the Holy Land have also survived, for example a very similar one from a Syrian site related to Saint Sergius, now in the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.〔(Comparable ampulla ) of St Sergius from Syria, Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (illustrated, right).〕
The ampullae are cast in various metals, including silver (perhaps "silvered" would be more accurate),〔Descriptions of the metals used vary widely.〕 tin and lead, and are mainly of interest because of the images they carry, which come from a period which has left very few traces in art, and was of crucial importance in establishing the iconography of many Christian subjects.〔Leroy, 320-321〕 They are also believed to represent buildings and shrines found in Jerusalem in the sixth and early seventh centuries, giving important evidence as to the early appearance of these.〔Hackel, 177〕 They were brought back from the Holy Land filled with oil which had been used in lamps burning before important pilgrimage shrines.〔Milburn, 264; Beckwith 57-60, and many other of the references〕 Despite their ending up in the heart of the institutional church under royal patronage, the ampullae were made as mass-produced souvenirs, probably relatively inexpensive, whose designs reflect the experiences and concerns of pilgrims as well as those of the church.
==General description==
The ampullae are round when seen from the front, with a flattened body giving convex faces and a small neck, often with a fitting round the neck for a chain or cord by which they could be suspended, or perhaps worn. There are records of similar blessed objects, or eulogia, being hung on the bedpost for protection from demons at night,〔Vikan (1982), 12〕 and the oil, or just the relic, was believed to be able to heal the sick when applied to them.〔Vikan (1998), 235〕 Often there is a strip in a different metal running round the edge of the faces and up the sides of the neck, with little rings for a suspension cord. In the Monza examples these strips are secured by wire wound rather untidily round the neck. A diameter for the main body of about 5–7 cm is typical, and in a side view the body swells to a maximum thickness of about 3 cm. Those at Monza are in generally good condition, but those from Bobbio and other examples such as the one at Dumbarton Oaks are flattened and damaged; they are now mostly black in colour.〔Dumbarton Oaks 'Catalogue of the Byzantine and Early Mediaeval Antiquities'' contains a detailed catalogue description of a single example.〕
Despite their small size, the images are typically crowded multi-figure compositions, sometimes with extensive depiction of architectural elements, and somewhat crude in execution. They appear in low relief, typically occupying all the space of the faces on both sides of the ampulla, though some have figureless decoration, usually centred on a cross, on the reverse face. There are often inscriptions and ''tituli'' in medieval Greek, many running round the outside of a face, or dividing an upper scene from a lower one. A smaller scene may occupy the lower part of a face, or scenes may appear in small roundels grouped across the overall design.〔Beckwith, 57-59; Dumbarton Oaks. A good illustration of a typical example is at the (Egeria website )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Monza ampullae」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|